References.

Jules Experiment- Sarah
2.1 Quiz- Christine
Energy notes- Hannah
Energy Examples- Roxoliana
Animations- Hannah

http://makezineblog.files.wordpress.com/2006/10/08_hand_drill_452.jpg%3Fw%3D381%26h%3D452
http://www.eschooltoday.com/energy/kinds-of-energy/all-about-energy.html
http://www.nmsea.org/Curriculum/Primer/forms_of_energy.htm
http://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/physics-terms/heat-info7.htm
http://atropos.as.arizona.edu/aiz/teaching/nats102/images/nuclear_fission.gif
http://www.colourbox.com/image/tea-with-milk-being-poured-image-1543761
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEanKZniZZfBm0bAFdai2sS1FzvJjYBrv8q7q-TQLdB56HPaGvueRe4vpd0hHdLuf6BOFIagsk2Gc8_deCaT65kZgFwzCg1uzCaUPmw3RLMu_1N4YTS0tsTQyMB7upZLeIoYmJ_MPBiUQ/s640/pool+ball+physics.gif
http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Current-and-Future-Generation/Nuclear-Fusion-Power/
http://gcep.stanford.edu/pdfs/assessments/solar_assessment.pdf
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/318130/kinetic-energy
http://www.bluffton.edu/~bergerd/nsc_111/thermo1.html
http://www4.ncsu.edu/~basherwo/docs/Friction1984.pdf

http://www.nmsea.org/Curriculum/Primer/forms_of_energy.htm

 https://www.google.ca/search?espv=210&es_sm=93&biw=1024&bih=620&tbm=isch&q=volta+pile&nfpr=1&sa=X&ei=W

http://www.heathersanimations.com/sun.html

http://www.das.uchile.cl/~mhamuy/matterenergy.html

Good Video on Forms of Energy
http://www.schooltube.com/video/617c60f7739a4a8c53b3/

Practice Test on Section 2.1

⦁ Describe in your own words what the experiment above shows and how it works.

Joule’s experiment shows that potential energy and heat are related. It works by the weights on each side alternatingly falling making the wheel rotate.  The wheel then creates friction heating up the water.

⦁ What is the difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion? Which one creates solar energy?

Nuclear fission is the process which an atom splits creating energy and nuclear fusion is the process which two atoms combine creating energy. Solar energy is created from a hydrogen-hydrogen nuclear fission reaction. 

⦁ Who created the Volta Pile? What does it provide evidence for? What is it considered to be the first of?

Alessandro Volta created the Volta Pile. It provides evidence that there is a connection between chemical energy and electrical energy. It is the first battery.

⦁ List three of the seven forms of energy that we learned?

⦁

⦁

⦁

Possible Answers: Solar, Thermal/Heat, Kinetic, Mechanical, Chemical, Electrical, Nuclear

⦁ What did Michael Faraday’s and Hans Oersted’s discoveries have in common? What is different?

Both Faraday’s and Oersted’s discoveries dealt with the magnetic field and electricity.  Orested discovered that electricity can create a magnetic field. Faraday discovered that a magnetic field can create electricity. 

⦁ What is thermodynamics? 

Thermodynamics is the study of heat, energy and work.

Heat and Energy

Heat energy, or thermal energy, is defined as the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another, and is caused by the vibrating movements of atoms in an object. Heat acts a little like electrical energy, in that certain materials conduct it better than others.

Example - When you pour milk in a hot drink like tea, the milk becomes warm because the thermal energy is transferred from the hot tea, to the milk. The tea in turn becomes cooler, because it gave some of its thermal energy to the milk. 

Heat and Mechanical Energy

Mechanical energy can be converted into thermal energy through friction, and can also be transferred and stored in objects. Mechanical energy is the result of adding the kinetic and potential energy of an object. No matter how much the values of kinetic or potential energy change, the mechanical energy will remain the same.

Example- Mechanical energy can be converted to heat. An example would be when you turn a piece of wood rapidly while it is in contact with another piece of wood. The friction between the two pieces will create a large amount of heat, causing the wood to burst into flame.

Electrical Energy and Magnetism

Electrical energy, also known as electricity, is energy that is released through the movement of electrons. Magnetism is also a form of energy, and is produced by a magnet. Electrical energy and magnetic energy are very closely related and can be converted to each other through the use of an electromagnet.

Example- An electromagnet converts electrical energy into magnetic electrical energy. An electric current will generate a magnetic field. A simple electromagnet can have a wire connected to a battery (chemical energy converted to electrical energy). The wire than coils around a metal object. The metal object then becomes magnetic. 

Motion and Energy

Any moving object has kinetic energy. The amount of kinetic energy an object has will increase as it speeds up, and will decrease as it slows down. When work is done on an object, the energy from the work done is transferred to the object in the form of kinetic energy. This also includes rotating an object as well as pushing, dropping, lifting or throwing it.

Example- An example of motion energy, or mechanical energy would be when a person plays pool. The mechanical energy is transferred from the stick, to the ball, causing the ball to move. The ball, in turn, transfers its energy to other balls it hits.

Nuclear and Solar Energy

Nuclear energy is released when an atom is divided or when two atoms are forced together. Solar energy is also a form of nuclear energy. This process occurs in the sun through fusion (joining an atom) reactions which turn hydrogen atoms into helium. The energy leaves the sun in the form of nuclear energy, and then turns into thermal energy as it leaves the sun. It eventually reaches the earth in the form of electromagnetic waves, which we call solar energy.

Example- When a nuclear bomb is set off, a large amount of nuclear energy is changed into heat energy quickly, creating an explosion. Another example would be the center of our earth. Heavy elements split apart (fission), creating energy.

Chemical Energy

Chemical energy is energy that is released during a chemical reaction. It is usually released as heat, but can be released as other forms of energy, such as light. The amount of chemical energy released can vary depending on the reactants.

Example: Batteries store chemical energy. When it is connected to a circuit, chemical energy is released and converted to electrical energy. That electrical energy, in turn can produce heat and light. Another example of stored chemical energy would be coal. When coal is burned, it turns its energy into heat energy.

Joule's Experiments

Sadi Carnot was a French engineer who experimented in an attempt to turn heat into mechanical energy. He found that this could only happen when thermal energy flows from a hot to a cold object. He also found that in this, some heat is always lost.

By 1840, scientists knew that heat was not a physical object and that it could be exchanged for mechanical energy. James Prescott Joule substituted the term ‘energy’ for vis viva and said that heat is another form of energy.

Joule’s first experiment supports a connection between heat and potential energy. His first experiment includes two weights, a thermometer and a rotating wheel. As the weight falls the wheel turns and the water heats up. If the mass is raised, the wheel rotates more and the water heat increases. This is due to the loss of gravitational energy from the falling weights and that energy being transferred to the wheel. This energy is kinetic energy and as the wheel turns it is converted into heat.

Joule’s second experiment shows a connection between kinetic energy and heat. This experiment includes two wooden blocks, one stationary and the other in motion, swinging and hitting the stationary block. The moving block has kinetic energy as it swings and loses that energy as it comes in contact with the sitting block. The stationary block has an increase in heat. When the swinging block has an increase in speed, the kinetic energy is increased and therefore, the heat of the unmoving block is also increased in the collision. Joule’s explained that the swinging block’s kinetic energy is passed onto the stationary block in the form of heat.

Later on, other scientists wanted to do more work with energy. They refined technologies and used concepts of work, energy and heat.

Joule’s proved that heat could be created from kinetic energy through his experiments. When the weights dropped or the block swung, heat was produced through the contact or movement. Through his practices, James Joule discovered something that changed science forever.

A website with information about this topic:

http://www.ncert.nic.in/html/learning_basket/energy10class/joule's%20experiment.htm

Information and diagram ideas from Textbook.
Gif made from

Sadi Carnot was a French engineer who experimented in an attempt to turn heat into mechanical energy. He found that this could only happen when thermal energy flows from a hot to a cold object. He also found that in this, some heat is always lost.

By 1840, scientists knew that heat was not a physical object and that it could be exchanged for mechanical energy. James Prescott Joule substituted the term‘energy’ for 'vis viva' and said that heat is another form of energy.

Joule’s first experiment supports a connection between heat and potential energy. His first experiment includes two weights, a thermometer and a rotating wheel. As the weight falls the wheel turns and the water heats up. If the mass is raised, the wheel rotates more and the water heat increases. This is due to the loss of gravitational energy from the falling weights and that energy being transferred to the wheel. This energy is kinetic energy and as the wheel turns it is converted into heat.

Joule’s second experiment shows a connection between kinetic energy and heat. This experiment includes two wooden blocks, one stationary and the other in motion, swinging and hitting the stationary block. The moving block has kinetic energy as it swings and loses that energy as it comes in contact with the sitting block. The stationary block has an increase in heat. When the swinging block has an increase in speed, the kinetic energy is increased and therefore, the heat of the unmoving block is also increased in the collision. Joule’s explained that the swinging block’s kinetic energy is passed onto the stationary block in the form of heat.

Later on, other scientists wanted to do more work with energy. They refined technologies and used concepts of work, energy and heat.

Joule’s proved that heat could be created from kinetic energy through his experiments. When the weights dropped or the block swung, heat was produced through the contact or movement. Through his practices, James Joule discovered something that changed science forever.
A website with information about this topic:

http://www.ncert.nic.in/html/learning_basket/energy10class/joule's%20experiment.htm

Information from textbook.

Gif made from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h72njPR_P2Q